Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a robust technology for numerous biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article del

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their superior performance. This article examines the assessment of PVDF membrane bioreactors in terms of diverse performance parameters, such as removal efficiency of pollut

Wastewater treatment/remediation/purification presents a significant global challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Hollow fiber membranes/Microfiltration membranes/Fiber-based membrane systems, renowned for their high surface area-to-volume ratio and v